Browse Ideas with tag 'inflammation':

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  DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY »

  Are immunologic pathways causative factors in DN?

  Recruitment of the innate and adaptive immune responses is increasingly linked to the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Inflammation, triggered by the actions of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells, along with the interaction of these immune cells with vascular cells, contributes to the development of diabetes. These various cell types have also been implicated ...more »

  Recruitment of the innate and adaptive immune responses is increasingly linked to the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Inflammation, triggered by the actions of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells, along with the interaction of these immune cells with vascular cells, contributes to the development of diabetes. These various cell types have also been implicated as causative factors for the complications of diabetes, including nephropathy. Identifying shared pathways that may reflect, in part, a mechanistic continuum from cause to complication is an important research goal.

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  Submitted by KUH Moderator 1 year ago

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  DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY »

  Can stem cells repair and reverse DN?

  Normally, metabolic and ischemic insults stimulate repair and regeneration. In diabetes, however, these processes are impaired. Recent advances in cell reprogramming hold great promise for future cell replacement therapies. How are specific populations of stem/progenitor cells affected by diabetes? Are these abnormalities reversible through optimal diabetes treatment or therapies targeted to stem/progenitor cells? ...more »

  Normally, metabolic and ischemic insults stimulate repair and regeneration. In diabetes, however, these processes are impaired. Recent advances in cell reprogramming hold great promise for future cell replacement therapies. How are specific populations of stem/progenitor cells affected by diabetes? Are these abnormalities reversible through optimal diabetes treatment or therapies targeted to stem/progenitor cells? Will new cell reprogramming techniques, such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, lead to individualized cell therapy? A barrier to understanding the impairments includes the known heterogeneity within stem cell compartments, specifically mesenchymal stem cells. Protocols are needed for the culture of progenitor cells and their thorough analysis, including genetic, epigenetic, and transcription factor analysis of individual cells and stem cell populations. Can ex vivo therapies be developed that reverse stem cell dysfunctions? Though iPS cells created with current protocols are unlikely to be transferred to people for treatment, these protocols offer the opportunity to take cells from individuals and direct their differentiation into cell-based models of DN.

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  Submitted by KUH Moderator 1 year ago

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  DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY »

  How does diabetes affect regeneration and repair?

  Tissue injury in diabetes results from cell damage and death, impaired communication among cells, dysfunction of nerves and blood vessels, and detrimental responses to systemic signals, such as inflammation. The development of the clinical manifestations depends on tissue-specific responses to injury and impairments in repair and regenerative processes. The knowledge base of the pathologic process in different tissues ...more »

  Tissue injury in diabetes results from cell damage and death, impaired communication among cells, dysfunction of nerves and blood vessels, and detrimental responses to systemic signals, such as inflammation. The development of the clinical manifestations depends on tissue-specific responses to injury and impairments in repair and regenerative processes. The knowledge base of the pathologic process in different tissues varies considerably, but in all organ systems a better understanding of the mechanisms is needed. How does systemic inflammation from dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems affect the kidney? What are the mechanisms of injury in specialized cells, such as podocytes or tubular epithelial cells? What kidney disease is associated with diabetes from non-diabetes related forms of these diseases? Does diabetes accelerate the same pathologic processes or have unique components? What mechanisms are responsible for the increased mortality in people with diabetes and end-stage renal failure? Will aggressive treatment to normalize the blood sugar prevent this progression? Is there a point in the progression of diabetes complications when the pathologic process becomes relatively independent of the diabetes-related factors that initiate it? Is there a point when the progression becomes irreversible?

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  Submitted by KUH Moderator 1 year ago

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  Immunologic mechanisms of kidney injury

  A large part of the mechanisms of kidney injury involves the development of inflammatory processes that are dependent on the resident hematopoietic cells within the renal parenchyma as well as cells that immigrate to the kidney after injury. There are also feedback mechanisms, positive and negative, between the kidney parenchymal cells and elements of the immune system that can strongly affect the outcome of kidney injury. ...more »

  A large part of the mechanisms of kidney injury involves the development of inflammatory processes that are dependent on the resident hematopoietic cells within the renal parenchyma as well as cells that immigrate to the kidney after injury. There are also feedback mechanisms, positive and negative, between the kidney parenchymal cells and elements of the immune system that can strongly affect the outcome of kidney injury.

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  Submitted by James George 2 years ago

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  HYPERTENSION »

  Elective allograft nephrectomy & events after failed transplant

  Patients who return to dialysis after a failed renal transplant have a markedly increased risk for death and other adverse outcomes. The retained allograft serves as a nidus for excess inflammation that could contribute to cardiovascular and other clinical events. Other than repeat transplant, few effective options exist for reducing the risk of premature mortality. Observational data suggest a possible benefit of allograft ...more »

  Patients who return to dialysis after a failed renal transplant have a markedly increased risk for death and other adverse outcomes. The retained allograft serves as a nidus for excess inflammation that could contribute to cardiovascular and other clinical events. Other than repeat transplant, few effective options exist for reducing the risk of premature mortality. Observational data suggest a possible benefit of allograft nephrectomy, but those studies are limited by selection bias and potential residual confounding. A randomized controlled trial of elective allograft nephrectomy on the risks of death, other clinically relevant events & resource utilization in patients returning to dialysis after allograft failure would provide the evidence needed to determine whether this would be a therapeutic option for these high-risk patients. Other therapeutic approaches could be layered on to such a trial using a factorial design as well.

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  Submitted by Alan Go 2 years ago

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