Kidney regeneration via reprogramming
If we were able to generate nephron progenitors (e.g. from ES/iPS cells or via reprogramming), what could we do with them? Can you reinduce an existing collecting duct network to fuse with a neo-nephron?
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If we were able to generate nephron progenitors (e.g. from ES/iPS cells or via reprogramming), what could we do with them? Can you reinduce an existing collecting duct network to fuse with a neo-nephron?
A lot of research has been focussed on the potential of a renal stem cell. Even the identification of such a population is not a solution, even more so in some instances. Will regenerative options be the same for ciliopathies versus other dysplasias or renal disorders?
While we know that there is considerable variation in nephron number, less attention has been paid to other likely variations between individuals that may result from environmental or genetic effects during development. Given the association between loop of Henle length and concentrating capacity, what level of variation exists in the human population, how is this developmental regulated and what are the clinical consequences? ...more »
While we know that there is considerable variation in nephron number, less attention has been paid to other likely variations between individuals that may result from environmental or genetic effects during development. Given the association between loop of Henle length and concentrating capacity, what level of variation exists in the human population, how is this developmental regulated and what are the clinical consequences?
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Where can non-mammalian model systems be best used and to answer what questions? (e.g. is investigating the chicken metanephros more pertinent that the regenerating zebrafish mesonephros?)
What does happen to the normal kidney across the lifetime of a human (i.e what usually happens with aging? Is this simply a result of accumulated insults or not? How does the kidney maintain function across time)? How is this informed by the pathways involved in kidney development?
From a clinical perspective, do we need more information on other mammalian systems of more relevance to human? Is so, which? (possible options include sheep, pig, non-human primate)
To what degree is the hypothesis that an understanding of developmental mechanisms underpins our understanding of renal repair correct? What pertinence does this have to i) normal kidney repair and regeneration strategies or ii) structural maintenance of function across the postnatal period?
What controls the functional maturation of the excretory system (water retention, amino acid reclamation, medullary remodelling) in the immediate postnatal period?
To what extent is there coordination / interrelationships between the development of the excretory and hormonal functions of the kidney and how is this controlled?
How is the development of neural, vascular and lymphatic elements of the kidney coordinated with the development of the nephron epithelia? This must occur as the pattern of, for example, the arterial plexus within the organ is very highly regulated.
How is the number of nephrons regulated and what causes cessation of nephrogenesis? It is now widely appreicated that the number of nephrons varies considerably between individuals. It is also generally accepted that there is an inverse relationship between nephron number and renal disease in adult life. While nephron number is determine during development, we do not fully understand what regulates the rate at which ...more »
How is the number of nephrons regulated and what causes cessation of nephrogenesis?
It is now widely appreicated that the number of nephrons varies considerably between individuals. It is also generally accepted that there is an inverse relationship between nephron number and renal disease in adult life. While nephron number is determine during development, we do not fully understand what regulates the rate at which this occurs or what triggers the process to end. It does appear that the cap mesenchyme nephron progenior population eventually fully commits to differentiation, exhausting that population. However, is this triggered as an active signal or via passive exhaustion of the stem cell population. If we could understand this better, and indeed understand how intrauterine stresses can affect these processes, we may be able to extend or reinitiate the process to ensure a better outcome.
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